The varicose veins of the lower limbs are a consequence of a sedentary lifestyle (in more than 75% of cases) inherent in most modern professions.In order to stop the first signs of the disease, it is sufficient to change eating habits and increase physical activity.The varicose veins of the legs are filled with the appearance of trophic ulcers.It is therefore inappropriate and dangerous to begin the state of health.
What are varicose veins?
The disease is directly related to venous blood flow.The more blood stagnates in the veins, the greater the likelihood of expanding their walls.A healthy organism contributes to complete blood circulation (in addition to cardiac activity) by regularly reducing muscle fibers.Due to the functioning of the muscles:
- Pressure is systematically increasing and decreasing in the vessels
- Valves of veins work harmoniously: they open and close respectively to the heart rate
- Blood has no time for stagnation, the speed of circulation allows you to pump the full passage of the veins
If the arterial blood flow of the legs is facilitated by the power of attraction, then to apply the venous body the body makes additional efforts, pushing the blood from the bottom up to the heart.Incomplete closure of the valves of the veins is the cause of destabilization of blood circulation.Placing blood between the valves causes even more enlargement of the veins.This condition is called varicose veins.
Symptoms
If you do not pay attention to the first signs of pathology, there is a high risk of its subsequent development in the more severe stages.The results are potentially disappointing - until the onset of death.Therefore, do not delay with prevention and therapy when the following symptoms appear:
- Restricting the pain of the lower limbs, increased fatigue.
- The veins of dark tint (bluish or reddish) swell over the surface of the skin.
- Swelling of the legs (with damage to the surface and deep veins) are sometimes possible convulsions.
- Pigment spots on the skin of the ankles, legs.
The neglected stages are characterized by the formation of ulcers.Their location is mainly the area of the joints of the legs.The above signs show pathogenesis of varicose veins.
Stage I and II
They are caused by the presence of pain, night seizures in the legs, a feeling of heaviness.But diagnostic information does not indicate the presence of the disease.Vascular network, bluish nodes or "stars" manifests itself.The enlarged vein is visible and palpated.After a sharp load on the legs or a long -term stay in the sitting position, the vessels increase in volume.
Stage III and IV
They are characterized by systematic swelling of the legs, mainly in the evening, when the body manages to get tired in one day.In the morning the symptoms are reduced due to the night break.Below are the precursors of trophic ulcers:
- Unnatural, dark skin tone (to black)-supply until pigments are provided.
- Inflammation of the epithelial tissue of varying intensity - from minor redness to huge crying eczu.
- Atrophic processes of the epidermis, including the hollows of a slight hue on the skin of the feet.
Trophic ulcer occurs due to a lack of nutrients in the lower limbs.In the last 4 stages of ulcer, it becomes chronic and does not cure for a long time.
Stages of varicose veins
Naive patients believe that if varicose veins manifest themselves visually, there is nothing to worry about.The diagnosis can indicate the presence of a disease even in the most minimal symptoms - heaviness, periodic tingling, unpleasant sensations in the legs.You need to carefully treat your own sensations, especially with convulsions or calf pain.Prescribed medicines, therapeutic procedures improve the venous patency of the legs, the condition of the cardiovascular system of the whole body.
Primal
It has an independent form of pathogenesis.It is determined by a genetic predisposition against the background of congenital connective tissue anomaly, vascular walls.The interrupted blood circulation in such patients is natural.The provocative factor of primary varicose veins is:
- The excess body weight of the body
- A pregnancy in which the load on the vessels increases
- Long -term nose or socks with narrow elastic bands
- Daily activities that suggest long -term stay in permanent position
If the venous walls are weak from the moment of birth, one of the above circumstances causes destabilization of the blood flow and the development of the pathology.
Secondary
Women with reproductive and middle age are exposed to its development.Secondary varicose veins are a consequence of an inactive lifestyle, hormonal disorders, pregnancy, excessive stress on the legs.The pathology occurs as a complication of transmitted diseases of infectious or oncological genera.The etiology of the disease involves traumatic vascular damage.Degenerative changes lead to the following phenomena:
- Damage to the integrity of venous valves
- worsening of muscle tone of vascular walls
- scarce tissue nutrition, lack of oxygen enrichment
- Disruption of blood flow through a passage veins
- venous pressure
- The appearance of trophic ulcers is the result of delayed therapy
During the treatment of tumors, infectious diseases of all forms of pathogens need to monitor the condition of the legs.It is recommended that varicose veins be performed and promptly from appropriate examinations.It is advisable to be in a sitting position for a while.The veins of the pelvis and thighs are squeezed, which has a negative effect on their tone.
Reasons
The main factor in the etiology of varicose veins is genetics.It does not matter in which areas of the body the disease is localized in relatives.If the genus is inherent in a gene that carries information about the weakness of the blood vessels, it will sooner or later appear if it contributes to this:
- A sedentary lifestyle, a daily long -term work activity in a sitting or upright position
- Excessive pressure on the legs associated with lifting or moving weights
- Alcohol abuse, smoking, drugs
- Lack of desire for exercise
- Long -term wearing high collection shoes
If the pathology is already diagnosed, it is necessary to start treatment as quickly as possible.
Violation of valve apparatus veins
According to the results of numerous clinical studies, etipatogenetic mechanisms that lead to varicose veins with valve deficiency are reliably unknown.However, it is known that when incorrectly operated, the valves do not completely overlap the lumen of the vessel, leading to flowing blood down and the development of stagnation.This leads to similar violations:
- stretching the walls of the veins
- reduce the elasticity and ability to restore form
- Strengthening the stagnation of blood
As a result, disturbing symptoms are manifested in the form of edema, pain and trophic disorders.The work of venous valves is influenced by genetic and epigenetic factors: heredity, pregnancy, weight, physical activity, hormonal restructuring of the body.
Pregnancy
During pregnancy, women are at risk of developing varicose veins.This is due to both hormonal changes and increased loading of the internal organs, lower limbs.With each subsequent pregnancy, the risk of developing vascular disorder increases.In this case, varicose veins can affect not only the lower limbs, but also a small pelvis, pubic lips, uterus.
KLIMAX
During menopause, there is a restructuring of the hormonal background, which can lead to an increased risk of varicose veins.Varicose veins can affect not only the legs but also the organs of the pelvis, which is why the disorder is often confused with inflammatory diseases: cystitis, endometriosis.Varicose veins occur as a result of a decrease in the elasticity of the venous walls, resulting in reverse blood through the vessels.
Prostate adenoma
Prostate adenoma is a pathological condition that is accompanied by prostate tissues and disorders of urine leakage.With adenoma, complaints arise about:
- Ucubsiating urination
- Weakened stream of urine
- Inadvertent urine distribution, more special at night
After emptying the bladder there is no relief, discomfort, mental stress occurs.With complete slowdown in urine, the inflammatory process can develop, the risk of stones increases.In severe cases, intoxication and renal failure occur.The lack of high quality prostate adenoma therapy is filled with complications, one of which is varicose veins.
Taking hormonal contraceptives
Taking hormonal contraceptives is associated with a high risk of vascular complications: varicose veins, thrombosis.Such a group of medicines causes dose -dependent effect: excess of estrogen risk is equated with increased likelihood of thrombosis.With hereditary predisposition to varicose veins, it is recommended that you refrain from using hormonal agents and consider the possibility of using other, more fascinated methods of contraception.
Hereditary predisposition
Hereditary predisposition is one of the key factors that lead to the development of varicose veins.People with such a risk factor have a fine vascular network formation.At the first signs of a disorder, it is important to focus efforts to prevent more progression of the disease: use knit compression, routine and diosmin -based preparations, give preference to moderate physical activity, observe the drinking regimen and do yoga.
Insufficient physical activity
Hypodynamic lifestyles often lead to the progression of varicose veins.Caring for the choice of appropriate physical activity with existing varicose veins should be agreed in advance with a phlebologist.Unambiguous benefits are carried on daily walks in the fresh air at a comfortable pace: at least 10,000 steps a day.The venous system loves mobile sports.Of particular benefit for swimming, running, cycling, Scandinavian walking.It is recommended to exclude the application of those exercises that can provoke traumatic lesions of the lower limbs.
Excess weight
Excess body weight is a risk factor that increases the predisposition to the development of varicose veins.The situation worsens when other diseases are joined, hormonal changes, bad habits.People with varicose veins are not recommended to stick to a heavy diet and mono diet, so the weight loss process should be as soft and natural as possible.When the patient directs efforts to normalize body weight, he automatically slows the progression of varicose veins.
In the initial stages of varicose veins, the leakage of venous blood is delayed under the influence of hereditary and predisposing factors.Excess body weight only sharpens this situation.Pathological changes in the valves and blood vessels lead to the activation of a special mechanism - "leukocyte winding".This leads to the accumulation of leukocytes in the endothelial layers and the development of inflammatory reactions.The pathological process gradually extends to the entire channel of the venous vessels, causing thinning and stretching of the venous walls, as well as deformation of the valves.
Unhealthy lifestyle
People who do not adhere to the basic principles of a healthy lifestyle often encounter varicose veins.The situation is complicated with a fixed or inactive lifestyle, malnutrition, smoking, drinking alcohol, long static loads, standing or sitting.Therefore, in order to prevent the more prior progression of varicose veins, it is necessary to focus efforts to correct lifestyle: review the daily diet, normalize weight, get rid of bad habits.
Leg injuries
Traumatic leg lesions are often complicated by varicose veins.A wide variety of damage can affect the condition of the valves and veins: soft tissue bruising, joint damage, violation of bone integrity.Any injuries to the muscles, joints and bones lead to edema, disorders of blood flow in the area of superficial and deep veins.
Stagnation can even be caused by minor injuries that require a rest in bed.Bone fractures are associated with a high risk of thrombosis.Medical statistics confirm that the risk of developing varicose veins in people who have suffered leg injuries is several times higher than in the rest.If you are injured, first of all, the efforts are aimed at his treatment.In the future, medicines are selected to ensure optimal blood flow and to prevent the blood vessels from thinning.It is advisable to use a compression knitwear chosen by a phlebologist.
Possible complications
In addition to movement difficulties, pain, varicose veins pose a threat to blood clots.They go down, causing death.Due to the circulation of a torn blood clot, not only the vessels of the limbs but also the pulmonary artery may suffer from blood flow.At the same time, thromboembolism is diagnosed by relieving the blood supply to the lungs.Often the consequences of varicose veins are:
- Phlebitis
- stagnant dermatitis
- Chronic venous deficiency
- Restless syndrome
Septic thrombophlebitis occurs due to purulent decomposition of blood clot in the blood plasma.Aseptic phlebitis is a potential complication of injection into Vienna of special substances to blame their lumen (sclerosis).
Diagnostics
Doppler study is a standard diagnostic method for varicose veins.It is often used for primary suspicion of pathology without obvious external signs, gives clear ideas for its presence or absence.UZDS - Ultrasound Duplex Scan, refers to professional methods of examination.Combining the capabilities of ultrasound and Doppler, UZDS may show:
- Viennese cross -size
- The speed of movement, direction and intensity of blood circulation (the images of color coding are displayed on the monitor of medical equipment)
- The condition of the valves, the venous walls (thanks to the topography of the vessels)
- Specific localization of expansion
- The presence of blood clots, other obstacles to the full blood circulation
Duplex Diagnostics - "Gold Standard", among other methods for studying varicose veins of the legs.These include: occlusive plants, radionuclide phleboscinthography, reflective rheography, photoplosmography, CT, X -ray contact phlebography, direct phlebotonometry.They help reveal the feasibility of surgery.The procedures help to identify the amount and location of blood clots, the pressure in the veins, the characteristics of blood flow disorders.
Treatment
In the initial stage of the development of the disease, the means for topical use - cream, oily effectively help.Such therapy is comfortable for home use.Only a few uses are able to reduce the symptoms of expansion of surface veins by 43% for 10-14 days a day.Another way to strengthen the elasticity of the veins is a contrast shower or bathroom.Under the influence of the temperature difference, the vessels expand and tighten, thus improving their tone.For the prevention and therapy of varicose veins, they also use:
- The use of decoction of chamomile and mint, alcoholic tincture on white acacia flowers.
- Packaging with horse chestnut tincture.
- Rubbing in the affected areas of apple cider vinegar containing many trace elements, vitamins.
- Compress with white, blue or green clay that can be found in a pharmacy.The recommended frequency of the procedure is twice a week.
Traditional medicine recipes complement the prescribed drug treatment.But the following methods can only be applied after the approval of a phlebologist.The purpose of therapy is to restore the integrity and work of the veins.There are 2 ways to achieve it: to seize (glue) or to cut your blood vessels.
Laser treatment
The technique is based on the use of the thermal properties of laser radiation.The light -beader, introduced under local anesthesia in Vienna, raises the temperature of the blood hemoglobin, resulting in the walls of the vessel being "sealed" inside.The leakage of blood is redistributed to deeper veins.The generated radiation is directed so that it does not cause harm to the surrounding tissues.
After some time, new cells formed are absorbed.After the procedure, it is recommended to use a specialized compression type knitwear.It is important to refrain from excessive exercise and wearing heels.Thanks to the laser coagulation, it is possible to overcome varicose veins with a painless, minimally invasive way.
Sclerotherapy
It is prescribed in the initial stages of the disease with a slight enlargement of the veins.Allows you to adjust the lumen of small vessels in the grille or "stars".The procedure is a standard injection without pain relief, the average manipulation duration is 7-14 minutes.The sclerosing substance performs the function of adhesion with the subsequent absorption of the recently formed connective structure.As a result, varicose veins stopped for 10-14 days.The recurrence of symptoms requires the re -conduct of sclerotherapy in exceptional cases.
Socks and tights
The compression linen is classified along: golf (up to knee), socks (to the thigh), tights (to the waist).They are recommended for patients during physical activity (including simulators or in the gym).The compression linen is shown for long -term movements or, conversely, with a long stay in a sitting position.Medical knitwear contributes to blood circulation in difficult periods for blood vessels.
The benefits of tights are invaluable: they compress veins, improve blood flow.Their specificity of production is based on the main function - to help the blood move from the bottom up to the heart.Therefore, in the ankle area they are difficult and higher -they become more free.A similar goal in elastic bandages that contribute to the elimination of swelling, discomfort.But the knitwear is more common, convenient in the process of starting, removing, work.The voltage power is installed by the manufacturer and the likelihood of sliding on the skin is minimal.
Surgery
It is prescribed at the extreme stages of the pathology when other therapeutic methods are ineffective.The most common surgery is phlebectomy (resection of large vessels).Also conducted:
- Surgical interventions in the focus of Saphor and Saphor-Fennome to the south
- The amputation of the trunk of a large subcutaneous vein
- Intravasal plastic on deep vessels
Many are the opinion of the unsuitable for removing veins if they do not interfere with life.However, surgeons have their arguments on this issue: to stop the danger of blood clots - first.The professionalism of the surgeon plays a major role.
Rehabilitation after surgery
Includes standard lymphatic failure recommendations:
- Activation of mobility according to the permissible norms established by the doctor.First, at least from time to time, knead your feet, then move on to physiotherapy exercises.
- Wearing 1-2 class compression linen.Alternative - dressing with the imposition of fixing laps.
- The use of veninary drugs: All types of ointments include not only.In severe conditions, topical treatment with hormonal drugs containing heparin, antibacterial and hormonal drugs are prescribed.Their aim is to reduce swelling, symptoms of dermatosis, dermatolinosis;Improve the microcirculation of soft tissues.
- Physiotherapy: lymphatic drainage massage (if there are no complications, such as lymphors and wounds heal), magnetotherapy (up to 8 procedures for the entire rehabilitation period).
- Hematomas relief, pain, inflammatory processes through the use of polyphan drugs, with the content of pentoxifillin, anti -platlates.
With a responsible approach to the above measures, the recovery period should not exceed 3 weeks, the maximum month.The procedures minimize the risk of blood clots, reduce the rehabilitation period.They contribute to the rapid recovery of complete blood circulation, the ability to work.Immediately after surgery, the location of the legs in a slightly raised condition contributes to better blood circulation.The steps can only be taken in only 2 days, exclusively with compression knitwear to prevent relapse.In the postoperative period it is strictly forbidden:
- Get hot tubs or shower
- Lift the weight, subjected the body with excessive loads
- Use a hard cloth and body care products (hygiene procedures should only be done with warm water)
- Remove the crusts from the wound scars spaces
- Subject to operated soft tissue infection (local antiseptic agents are used to prevent complications)))
- violate the prescribed diet and a calm lifestyle
The diet is needed to include fresh vegetables, fruits, and greenery that "alkalize" the body.Cook all the dishes using purified water.Salt is better replaced by the sea - it does not contain external impurities that scratch the vessels inside.
Prevention
In order to prevent varicose veins of the legs, it is sufficient to monitor the basic condition - daily, but moderate physical activity is needed.Even patients with congenital venous wall defects can avoid the disease if the following recommendations are followed:
- Conducting the electromyostimulation of the legs is a simple but useful procedure available for all for use at home.It is enough to buy a neuromuscular stimulant at the pharmacy and use it in accordance with the instructions.
- During flights or long journeys, the feet should be massaged - independently, with a pinch, light sting, rubbing.Massage will eliminate stagnant phenomena in the lower limbs.
- Do not get involved in wearing shoes for a nearby model: height of the heel is directly proportional to the level of risk of the development of varicose veins.
- Cold water hardening is an effective way of toning the cardiovascular system.
After a long stay in a sitting position, you should stroll or roll upright from finger to heel.The above recommendations are useful for people with office type, help to minimize the risk of varicose veins for drivers and sellers.